Avian/Bird Flu

Since I know some stuff about it because I had to prepare a poster for the first annual medical students conference, a few weeks back, along with wahdamuslima and two other colleagues of mine.

Avian flu is very similar to the common cold (flu) that every human being catches at least once in his lifetime. The causative organism is obviously different. Human flu is caused by Human Influenza Virus. Avian flu is caused by a mutant form of a virus which was initially capable only of infecting birds. This virus is labelled H5N1 (because of its surface heamagglutinin-H and neuraminidase-N molecules).

You see, the reason why this virus is a threat, is because of its ability to mutate. This is because of its lack of enzymes responsible for proof-reading of the new genetic material synthesized. Hence, everytime the virus divides, there is a new error in the genes which provides its progeny with new capabilities. This is kinda how it obtained the ability to infect humans. There was also another theory I read about where two different subtypes of avian flu viruses amongst birds mixed their genetic material when they infect the same organism, giving rise to a new subtype.

Also, you should know why this avian flu is a threat to humans. So far, there is no officially reported case of avian flu being transmitted from human to human. Its always been from birds to humans. This way we can either just kill all the suspected birds (ha! easier said than done!!) or just use protective measures and keep away from birds maybe? But nothing can be done if it starts transmitting from human to human. It would be absurd to go around killing people who are suspected cases (not to mention charges of man-slaughter). Here I would like to put forth another theory suggesting the possibility of genetic alteration that may occur in a cell infected with both avian flu virus and human influenza at the same time. The avian flu virus has a potential of acquiring the ability of human to human transmission from the human influenza virus.

Another thing to worry about would be the difficulty that one would face, in coming up with a vaccine or even a drug against this virus. Everytime you create one that might attack the genetic core of the virus, it will simply mutate again and all your hardwork gone down the drain. So far, the drugs especially Tamiflu is designed to target the surface molecules. Neuraminidase is necessary to break through the cell membrane of an already infected cell and attack new cells. Tamiflu blocks the neuraminidase which prevents it from escaping a cell once it has replicated.

What you need to know now, is to look for signs of bird flu and be aware so that you can seek immediate medical care. Most often than not, the symptoms are pretty much the same as you would experience when you're suffering from human flu. Also, remember to take special precautions when handling bird meat.

Most importantly remember that the virus is killed at high temperatures (upto 56 degrees celcius). Make sure you cook the meat well and thoroughly. The same applies for eggs as well. Have it well cooked, and not runny.

Also, make sure you know of the areas affected (especially if you travel often or decide to travel), and be aware of whether the area you live in is affected or not.